A binary mixture of hard-sphere polyions and point-size counterions is considered using the hypernetted-chain equation and the symmetric Poisson–Boltzmann equation. It is shown that such non-ideal effects as the polyion–polyion attraction, counterion association near the polyion surface, and...

It is shown using a simple agent-based market dynamics model that if the technical traders are able to affect the market liquidity, their concerted actions can move the market price in the direction favorable to their strategy.