Tax harmonization entails a uniform rate that may not suit all governments. Harmonization can advance collective governmental objectives only if the standard deviation of tax rates is less than the average downward effect of tax competition on rates. Since an efficient harmonized tax rate undoes...

Minimum tax rules constrain only the lowest-tax jurisdictions. Because higher minimum tax rates expand the circle of affected countries and therefore the impact of any further changes, there can be dominated regions over which no parameter values would make a minimum tax efficient. Applying a...