A universal bipartite model is proposed based on an energy supply–demand network. The analytical expression of SPL distribution of the node weight, the “shifting coefficient” α and the scaling exponent γ are presented without edge weight growth by using the mean-field theory approach....

Purpose: Resilient route selection for oversized cargoes, one of the general bulk cargoes, has not been adequately optimized in terms of using the Arctic route. This study solves the problem of selecting the optimal shipping routes for oversized cargoes from Busan (South Korea) to Balkhash...

In this paper, we deal with a class of anticipated backward stochastic differential equations related to finite state, continuous time Markov chains. The adapted solution of those equations as well as a scalar comparison theorem will be established.