The paper argues that congestion in public transportation is alike the much more studied road congestion. It sets out to produce, on the case of the Paris subway, a congestion cost curve linking the willingness to pay for non-congested travel to actual congestion levels. Congestion costs appear...

This article estimates the welfare losses due to the congestion externality on the Paris Ring Road (PRR). Doing so, we illustrate the debates linked to the valuation of this ?non market interaction?. This work is made possible thanks to a rich dataset describing the PRR?s usage...

In Paris, an old bus line on the Maréchaux Boulevards has been replaced by a modern tramway. Simultaneously, the road-space has been narrowed by about a third. A survey of 1000 users of the tramway shows that the tramway hardly generated any shift from private cars towards public transit mode....