Based on resource-dependence theory, we hypothesize a U-shaped relationship between multinational corporations’ subsidiary size and expatriate staffing level. Drawing on both resource-dependence and learning perspectives, the U-shaped relationship is further hypothesized to be moderated by...

1. Is Transaction Cost Economics Behavioral? -- 2. Clarifying Key Terms and Philosophical Foundations of Transaction Cost Economics -- 3. Opportunism and Bounded Rationality in Transaction Cost Economics: Values, Attitudes, or Behaviors? -- 4. Modeling Bounded Rationality: Mediation or...

This study contributes to the subsidiary control literature by empirically demonstrating the importance of FDI legitimacy in determining subsidiary ownership and expatriate staffing levels. Based on organizational ecology theory (OET), our study considers the tension between legitimation and...

This paper explores the potential competitive advantages from the development of an internal network of subsidiaries and external network of alliances. Given the broad scope and lack of systematic investigation in prior research, clinical field research was conducted in eleven Japanese...