We estimate the return of climate adaptation by modeling the uncertain impact of global warming for extreme weather. Unexpected arrivals elevate extreme-weather risk, which leads households and firms to adapt and thereby lowering the damage of each subsequent arrival. Our approach provides...

Rural residential energy consumption accounts for 46.6% of total building-related energy consumption of China. In Northeast China, energy consumption for space heating represents a significant proportion of total rural residential energy consumption and has reached 100 million tce (tons of...

While the concept of reflective roofing is not new to China, most Chinese cool roof research has taken place within the past decade. Some national and local Chinese building energy efficiency standards credit or recommend, but do not require, cool roofs or walls. EnergyPlus simulations of...