What causes poverty and how does an individual escape it? Factors such as intelligence and social class background are thought to be important. However, a number of economists have argued that an individual's profile of achievement-related attitudes (ARAs) like work-orientation and...

Trade theory suggests that natives with higher skills are more favourable to immigrants because immigrants, usually low-skilled, do not compete directly with them. What happens when immigrants are relatively high-skilled? Attitudes of respondents measured in the European Social Survey were...