This paper involves the multi-mode project payment scheduling problem where the activities can be performed with one of several discrete modes and the objective is to assign activities' modes and progress payments so as to maximize the net present value of the contractor under the constraint of...

The model of turbine mass flow characteristics is vital to simulate equipment and systems having a turbine, such as renewable energy power systems, air cycle refrigeration systems, power plants, and turbine engines. Existing empirical and partly empirical models of turbine mass flow...

Nitrogen (N) loss to the environment through water transport has been a serious challenge to agricultural practices for decades. Although much progress has been made in developed countries, suitable strategies for mitigating agricultural N loss in developing countries, such as China, are still...