The main difficulty of credit risk evaluation is to evaluate borrowers' willingness of repayment, which is a subjective factor depending on the thoughts and ideas of borrowers. Text description is a kind of human behavior which reflects the mental process of writers. The authors identify the...

Developmental studies of mental disorders based on epidemiological data are often based on cross-sectional retrospective surveys. Under such designs, observations are right-censored, causing underestimation of lifetime prevalences and correlations, and inducing bias in latent trait models on the...