With the increasing availability of relatively cheap computer technology, and the development of sophisticated, nonlinear mathematical techniques, the ‘science’ of complexity emerged in the 1990s. The intellectual concern is the process by which systems composed of interdependent...

This paper presents a method by which the opportunity cost of sales of local authority housing might be assessed, taking account of the financial effects of sales on taxpayers and ratepayers and in particular the effects on waiting list applicants. A method is suggested by which the pattern of...

For many organisations the crucial issue in the strategy process is that of implementation. This is due in no small way to the distinction which is traditionally made between formulation and implementation and their treatment as sequential activities. the more recent conceptualisation of...

Development Education (DE) finds a significant part of its public face in England through the activities of local NGOs|Development Education Centres (DECs). DECs have emerged over a period of about 30 years as civil society institutions with little central government support. The creation of a...

What binds most of the disparate writings by institutional economists (broadly defined), from the earlier progenitors, such as Veblen, Keynes and Galbraith, to the modern institutionalists, including Means, Fusfield and Hodgson, is their questioning of many of the tenets of neoclassical theory....