"Yet by 2020, twenty-five years after the WTO's creation, it was the United States that has become the great disrupter - disenchanted with the rules' constraints, including on its ability to create new rules. It was the United States that flouted WTO rules in the name of "national security" and...

The US Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) regulation mandates, subject to a civil penalty, producers to achieve a certain fleet average fuel economy on sales of new passenger cars. Analysing the incentive effects of CAFE, we find that it affords differential tax treatment to car models with...

The European car market is segmented by regulatory measures that support price discrimination by manufacturers and make consumer arbitrage difficult and costly. In a sample covering 43 models making up 80% of car sales in 11 countries in 1989-92, we find that the average standard deviation of...