This paper investigates the link between wholesale electricity prices in Europe and the CO2 cost, i.e. the price of European Union Allowances (EUAs), over the two first phases of the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS). We set up a theoretical framework and an empirical model to...

Purpose – The purpose of the paper is to clarify the distinction between vulnerability and energy dependence of a country and to present simple indicators that are used to analyse energy vulnerability. Design/methodology/approach – This paper introduces the different facets of the energy...

Purpose – The aim of this paper is to propose answers to such questions as: are major road projects currently implemented on Reunion Island sufficient to conclusively solve the problems of traffic congestion and urban sprawl? What coercive measures are to be implemented by local authorities...

Two main conditions must simultaneously be met for the European gas market to become a competitive market: 1) the absence of collusion among the various actors; 2) the setting of a fair and efficient tariff system for the gas pipelines. In order to evaluate the possibility of collusion among...

In Saudi Arabia, fossil-fuel is the main source of power generation. Due to the huge economic and demographic growth, the electricity consumption in Saudi Arabia has increased and should continue to increase at a very fast rate. At the moment, more than half a million barrels of oil per day is...

Many strategies were developed by energy-importing countries to cope with oil shocks. Some mainly adapted to the new constraints of the energy environment and tried to make up for a relative disadvantage in the energy field by obtaining a relative advantage in industry or trade. The main effect...