The main purpose of this study is to illustrate, with simple trade theory, the relationship between competing industrial standards and trade liberalization. We assume that there are two competing industrial standards in an international context, each of which applies to a group of differentiated...

In this note, we examine how trade liberalization affects production structure in the presence of indirect network effects (hardware/software systems). For these purposes we construct a simple two-country model of trade with two incompatible hardware technologies. It is shown that, given that...

This note proposes a two-country model of service trade that captures the role of time zone differences as a determinant of trade patterns. It is shown that the utilization of communication networks induces dramatic change in industrial structure due to firms taking advantage of time zone...

Purpose – We ask how far the Kemp–Wan Pareto-improving result can hold without inter-country transfers. Methodology/approach – Assuming that the standard revenue and expenditure functions exist, we consider tariff adjustments for some group of countries such that they makes member...

Purpose – The present note shows the interaction between technological differences between countries and the level of trade costs as a determinant of trade patterns. Methodology/approach – It takes the work of Kikuchi et al.'s (2008) Chamberlinian–Ricardian model as its point of departure,...