As East Asia becomes increasingly integrated through market-driven trade and FDI activities, free trade agreements (FTAs) are proliferating. Consolidation of multiple and overlapping FTAs into a single East Asian FTA can help mitigate the harmful noodle bowl effects of different or competing...

This paper surveys the empirical literature on total factor productivity (TFP) and the sources of growth in the East Asian Countries. It raises the queston whether the literature has helped us understand better the factors that have propelled growth in the region. The paper discusses the main...

In this paper a framework of tax reform requirements for Viet Nam is developed based on theories of taxation, particularly Optimal Tax Theory, and International Tax Reform Experience in market and transitional economies. The framework is then used to analyze the structure and system of taxation...

The ninth Round of multilateral trade negotiations (MTNs) is to be launched at the end of November 1999 in Seattle. It is essential for the Asian Economies, particularly those that are known to be sucessful exporters, to participate in this Round skillfully because what transpires tin the Rouns...

This paper outlines an expanded and more challenging role for multilateral development banks (MDBs) in the provision of longer term development finance. The traditional role has to be further refocused and expanded to cover mobilization of private sector resources, both external and internal.

Given its fragile balance of payments position and urgent need to boost industrial production, Pakistan needs to significantly increase its mobilization of foreign resources. However, long-term official assistance will become increasingly scarce, while promoting large portfolio investments is...

The paper argues that the macro focus of the literature on the Asian crises is not helpful in understanding the causes of the crises. The actual causes lie deeper in the operation of the real, that is, the corporate sector. In this context, the paper analyzes the micro behavior of individual firms.

This paper examines the extent to which Pakistan's growth has been, or is likely to be, limited or constrained by its balance-of-payments (BOP). The paper begins by briefly considering the BOP-constrained growth model in the context of demand and supply-oriented approaches to economic growth....

Corporate Governance (CG) principles provide guidance on how corporations should operate. Adoption of international CG best practices leads to long-term sustainability and resilience, and can be a competitive tool to attract foreign investments. The Asian Development Bank in partnership with the...