Trade negotiators are frequently concerned about the possible negative effects of trade liberalisation on employment in specific sectors. The agricultural sector in developing countries has characteristics that make it different from industrial or service sectors. These characteristics are an...

Trade negotiators are concerned about the possible negative effects of trade liberalisation on employment in specific sectors. The agricultural sector has characteristics that make it different from industrial or service sectors. These are an informal labour force, low productivity, relative...

The Uruguay Round agreement on agriculture was a milestone, bringing this important sector under the disciplines from which it had escaped in the early days of the GATT. The agreement limits the distortions that countries may impose on: market access, on export subsidization and domestic...

For the period between 1957 and 1997, Malaysia’s development is analysed to determine the roles of inputs, planning, trade and government intervention in economic activity. Foreign investment is also analysed. During this period, by international standards, growth that Malaysia experienced was...

This study examines initial barley price policy and other policies by the Canadian Wheat Board regarding CWB barley exports. CWB initial barley price, the percentage of final price paid to farmers initially for barley exported, has been declining, due to government reluctance to guarantee...

Australian crop and livestock farmers face uncertain climate change and variability and a challenge for adaptation decisions. These decisions can be (1) adjustments to practices and technologies, (2) changes to production systems, or (3) transformation of industries, for example, by relocation...

The Indonesian Government believes that milk is good for health, particularly infant health, and has a campaign to encourage consumption of fresh milk. At present per capita consumption of fresh milk, at 12 litres per head per annum, is very low and the Government hopes to double it. Fresh milk...

This paper describes historical, current and potential market opportunities for organic produce in New Zealand and overseas. New Zealand is unique as a developing country relying on agricultural production and trade for most of its foreign exchange earnings. The challenge for the NZ agricultural...