This paper estimates transition matrices for the ratings on …nancial insti-tutions, using an unusually informative data set. We show that the processof rating migration exhibits signi…cant non-Markovian behavior, in the sensethat the transition intensities are a¤ected by macroeconomic and...

This paper estimates transition matrices for the ratings on financial insti-tutions, using an unusually informative data set. We show that the process of rating migration exhibits significant non-Markovian behavior, in the sense that the transition intensities are affected by macroeconomic and...

Financial institutions use credit ratings to express their risk perception abouttheir clients. Credit ratings feed their internal credit scoring models, allowingthem to evaluate the current state of the quality of their balances and to calcu-late the reserves required to provision their loan...

In this document we estimate credit and GDP cycles for three Latin-American economies and study their relation in the time and frequency domains. Cycles are estimated in order to analyze their medium and short-term frequencies. We find that short-term cycles are usually more volatile than...

The history of economic recessions has shown that every deep downturn has been accompanied by disruptions in the ?financial sector. Paradoxically, up until the ?financial world crisis of 2007-2009, little attention was given to macroeconomic and ?financial interdependence. And, in spite of a...