Nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are essential elements for living organisms, including plants, animals and bacteria. They are used as fertilisers in agriculture to guarantee high yields and quality products. However, the increasing demand not only in food...

In order to support businesses in improving their resource efficiency, Member States use a variety of approaches, ranging from voluntary to regulatory measures. This study assesses the scope of application of ten relevant measures and provides good practice cases of these ten measures across...

This report presents the findings of an evaluation study contracted by the European Commission on the Directives on Petrol Vapour Recovery (PVR). These are Directive 1994/63/EC on the control of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions resulting from the storage of petrol and its distribution...

The purpose of this scoping study is to work out how resource efficiency affects labour productivity and employment. The link is analysed on an empirical and a conceptual basis focussing on the macro-economic and sectorial level. The study looks for real-life evidence in business and the economy...

This study is aimed at developing a list of potential policy options for minimising on-site fugitive greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions during shale gas exploration and production in the EU, and evaluating their climate, environmental and economic impacts. The specific objectives of the study are to...

The online public consultation was held from July 30th, 2014 until November 7th, 2014.The aim of the public consultation was to gather informed opinions and suggestions from a wide range of stakeholders on how to optimise water reuse in the EU. In particular, there were specific questions...

As a follow-up to the Blueprint, the European Commission (EC) aims to evaluate the most suitable EU-level instruments to encourage water reuse, including the possibility of a Regulation establishing common standards. In 2015, the Commission intends to make a policy proposal, subject to an...

No guidelines or recommendations currently exist at EU level for a specific methodology for the assessment of the ecotoxic property of waste HP 14. As a result, HP 14 assessment is performed in different ways throughout EU Member States. The revised waste legislation, which entered into force in...