reveal that the financial crisis of 2008 has dramatically increased the cost of market funding for both banks and non …-financial firms but had no effect on the credit spreads of financial firms. The 2008 financial crisis also led to a systematic … increased further as the European debt crisis has unfolded since 2010. Since that time, credit spreads for both non …

The 2007 sub-prime crisis in the United States, prolonged by a severe economic recession spread over many countries …

magnitude in times of crisis and non-crisis in France. We find that these nonlinearities are both frequent (as they exist on all … show that if one considers the aggregate GDP, public expenditure has a stronger impact during crisis and the expenditure … taxes changes induce a (stimulus) effect in the investment rate only during non-crisis periods. A rise in subsidies has a …

certain asset classes since the onset of the crisis, notably the sovereign bonds of stressed euro area countries. These … sovereign debt crisis. …