distinguish between productivity gains arising from lower tariffs on final goods relative to those on intermediate inputs. Lower … output tariffs can produce productivity gains by inducing tougher import competition whereas cheaper imported inputs can … tariffs. A 10 percentage point fall in output tariffs increases productivity by about 1%, whereas an equivalent fall in input …

We investigate theoretically and empirically the competitive effects of increased trade on prices, productivity and … and significant impact on sectoral prices. Increased openness lowers prices by both reducing markups and raising … productivity rises in a manner that increases over time. Our estimates suggest that EU manufacturing prices fell by 2 …

empirical researchers. When products differ according to production technique or the way in which they enter demand, this data … policy shocks such as deregulation. More generally, we demonstrate that product switching gives rise to a richer set of …

Economic development implies that the efficiency of firms in developing countries is approaching that of firms in … privatization, competition and foreign investment. We also test hypotheses positing that only firms near the efficiency frontier … find that privatization to domestic owners did not markedly improve the efficiency of firms; domestic firms are not …