the elasticity of innovation, as measured by the number of new chemical entities appearing on the market for a given … additional new chemical entity. An elasticity substantially and significantly below one-half is also a plausible implication of …

endogeneity of gasoline prices. Second, the responsiveness of gasoline consumption to a change in tax may differ from the …

Large fluctuations in energy prices have been a distinguishing characteristic of the U.S. economy since the 1970s …. Turmoil in the Middle East, rising energy prices in the U.S. and evidence of global warming recently have reignited interest … in the link between energy prices and economic performance. This paper addresses a number of the key issues in this …

This paper compares how cash and in-kind transfers affect local prices. Both types of transfers increase the demand for … normal goods, but only in-kind transfers also increase supply. Hence, in-kind transfers should lead to lower prices than cash …

The drastic increase of food prices in the period 2006-2008 spurred fears of global food insecurity. Apart from actual …