profitability (productivity) of their team and of the promotion-seeking efforts of their employees. Our first main result clarifies … then examine the effect of the employees' productivity on their probability of promotion and on the extent of the resources … candidate for promotion) is less likely to be promoted and the conditions under which higher employee's productivity results in …

This Paper examines the disincentive effects of perceived underpayment on individuals’ exerted effort and promotion. To … promotion, the difference between perceived and actual income has a smaller negative effect on the actual effort invested in …