On the basis of a large (new) dataset of cities in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East in the millennium between … from Iraq (or more generally the Arab world) to Western Europe and to the shores of the Atlantic (during the 17th and 18th …

. Results are presented for the United States, Japan, and an aggregate called "Europe" consisting of eleven European economies …. The primary theme of the paper is that the differences between Europe and the United States have been substantially … exaggerated in recent work. Europe has neither greater nominal wage flexibility nor more rigid real wages than the United States …

Western Europe had already diverged from the East and reached high numeracy levels by 1600, long before the rise of mass …

, the completion of Europe's domestic market could exert a profound influence on nonmember countries. This paper examines …

, focusing on Europe in the late 19th century period as a guide for modern debates. For this purpose, we first estimate a gravity …

If the third stage of monetary union in Europe begins on 1 January 1999, not all EU countries will participate: two …

This paper provides a historical and geographical perspective on the composition of households in present-day Europe … recent increase in the proportion of one-person households been accompanied by any reduction in the variation within Europe … in the frequency of living alone, which remains much lower in Southern and parts of Eastern Europe than in Western Europe …