in three areas. First, we use identical twins, to control for family effects and genetic ability bias, and the education … findings suggest lower ability bias in within-twin pair regressions than pooled regressions. Third, using data on twins smoking … we show smoking reflects family background and using it as an instrument exacerbates ability bias. …

distribution of VAR impulse response estimators is undermined by the estimator’s bias. A natural conjecture is that impulse … estimators tend to have both higher bias and higher variance, resulting in pointwise impulse response confidence intervals that …

choices are private information. It is optimal for the organization to `bias' the second contest in favor of the early winner …

illustrates the tight link between parameter identification and the scope for bias that is generated by the autocoherence …

deterioration of the health care system, changes in diet and obesity, and material deprivation fail to explain the increase in …

Strengthening the relationship of accountability between health service providers and citizens is by many people viewed … as critical for improving access to and quality of health care. How this is to be achieved, and whether it works, however … communities began to more extensively monitor the provider, both the quality and quantity of health service provision improved …