Africa and Latin America secured their independence from European colonial rule a century and half apart: most of Latin …. In each case independence was followed by political instability, violent conflict and economic stagnation lasting for …-imperial collapse and entering a period of relative political stability and economic growth, as did Latin America a century and a half …

industrializing world was already wide and widened during the first decades after Independence. While Latin America resumed growth …In this essay we analyze the relation between long-term growth and institutional development. Relative backwardness has … been a constant feature of the history of Latin America. In the wake of Independence the gap between Latin America and the …

independence process, socioeconomic and structural controls, and the level of development – in order to assess whether a) breaking … away from the former Yugoslavia delivered an ‘independence dividend’ to the newly independent countries and whether b …) independence had a more favourable impact in richer, rather than poorer territories. The results of the analysis underline that …

between sub-national states or regions. Using plausible counterfactual analysis, we assess the costs of independence for … independence takes on the calibrated frictions of a counterfactual independent country. If the main change that comes with the … independence of regions of larger countries is that their border with their former union partner comes to resemble a normal country …

much of China’s recent growth in world trade is in line with her income growth, there is no doubt that China’s trade …