in an attempt to impose one's own standards on another country's environment, or when trade liberalization is opposed by … coal and food, trade liberalization could well improve rather than worsen the global environment. …

In this Paper we argue that the political incentives that resource endowments generate are the key to understanding … political incentives map into policy outcomes. Countries with good institutions tend to benefit from resource booms since these … institutions mitigate the perverse political incentives that such booms create. Countries with bad institutions suffer a resource …

empirical literature on trade and the environment and shows that the empirical evidence of a close link between international …

some applications of our theory such as impulse buying, destruction of the environment and preservation of endangered …

for them both when costs come before and after benefits: it decreases the agents' incentives to procrastinate (i.e. to …