adaptation and mitigation expenditures in a cost-effective setting in which countries cooperate to achieve a long … different adaptation modes (reactive and anticipatory), mitigation, and capacity building to analyse the optimal portfolio of … investments in mitigation followed by large adaptation expenditures a few decades later. Hence, the possibility to adapt does not …

magnitude of carbon leakage effects, likely to be induced by differences in climate mitigation policies, may be less than feared … in some circles. Trade policy, however, will play a role in implementing climate mitigation policies in two areas … initial mitigation would first take place unilaterally or in small groups, as under the early days of the GATT, is the most …

on the extent of pollution haven effects suggests that these should be small under climate mitigation policies …, especially if efforts are undertaken to raise the price of energy. A discussion of border measures to complement mitigation … the GATT. The review concludes that an umbrella agreement with leeway where much initial mitigation would first take place …