, they cannot explain the post-1929 increase in trade costs. Protectionism seems the most likely alternative candidate. …

countries. We apply our model of foreign influence to the study of optimal trade policy. We derive a modified formula for the … relative to the influencing country and whenever natural trade barriers between the two countries are small. …

: 1) the World Trade Organization (WTO) and its predecessor the Generalized Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT); 2) the … indicate that OECD membership (but neither GATT/WTO nor IMF membership) has had a consistently large positive effect on trade. …This Paper estimates the effect on international trade of three multilateral organizations intended to increase trade …

The Doha multilateral round of trade negotiations sponsored by the WTO has been dragging on for over a decade, with no … end in sight. In this short paper we assess empirically what determines the duration of trade negotiations, focusing on … the span between the start of trade talks and their conclusion. We use data from 88 regional trade agreements between 1988 …

The National Treatment clause (NT) is the first-line defence in the GATT (and in most other trade agreements) against … internal taxation under the GATT. It is shown that despite severely restricting the freedom to set internal taxes, NT may …. Furthermore, it requires a high degree of economic sophistication on behalf of trade negotiators in order for this beneficial …

We propose a model of trade agreements in which contracting is costly, and as a consequence the optimal agreement may … be incomplete. In spite of its simplicity, the model yields rich predictions on the structure of the optimal trade … explicitly into account can help explain a number of key features of real trade agreements. …

in debates over trade policy, there exists no evidence about whether countries actually apply it when setting tariffs. We … estimate disaggregate export elasticities and find evidence that countries that are not members of the World Trade Organization …

new World Trade Organization (WTO). Many developing countries perceive the entwining of these social issues with trade …Social policies are likely to have an ever-more prominent role in trade policy discussions in the years ahead for the … unfair, ecologically unsound, and even immoral to trade with countries adopting much lower standards than theirs. This paper …

that affect conflict, including measures of trade and democracy. …