extreme upward price spikes, trade policy responses by food importers are as substantial as those of exporting countries. The …

governments to insulate their domestic food market from fluctuations in international prices has not waned. Such insulation … contributes to the amplification of international food price fluctuations, yet it does little to advance national food security … when food-importing and food-exporting countries equally engage in insulating behaviour. Thus there is still much scope to …

affects their domestic food markets. Those actions exacerbate the price spike and international welfare transfer associated …

This paper has two purposes. It first considers the impact on world food prices of the changes in restrictions on trade … in staple foods during the 2008 world food price crisis. Those changes—reductions in import protection or increases in … trade when international food prices spike. …

The recent upward spike in the international price of food led some countries to raise export barriers. As in previous … price spike periods, that response by some food-exporting countries was accompanied by a lowering of import restrictions by … numerous food-importing countries. Both actions exacerbate the international price spike. This paper provides new evidence n …