, emphasizes knowledge as an economic object and, more generally, the economics of intellectual property rights. This paper argues …

consider a menu of procurement methods and policies for best procuring new knowledge and innovative products, discussing their …

stylized facts. It is argued that resource endowments, international knowledge spillovers, learning, and government policy have …

sometimes be in its interest to democratize by subsidizing education when the economy is closed, incentives to do so disappear …

globalization was by far the dominant force accounting for convergence (and divergence) around the periphery. Some exploited it well …

The intellectual breakthrough contributed by the new growth theory was the recognition that investments in knowledge … and human capital endogenously generate economic growth through the spillover of knowledge. Endogenous growth theory does … not explain how or why spillovers occur. The missing link is the mechanism converting knowledge into economically relevant …

knowledge. Three long-term outcomes emerge. First, a "Secularization" or "Western-European" regime with declining religiosity …, unimpeded science, a passive Church and high levels of taxes and transfers. Second, a "Theocratic" regime with knowledge …