resulting volatility can induce risk-averse transactors who face transaction costs to desert these markets altogether. Thus … thinness and the consequent price volatility may become joint self-perpetuating features of an equity market, whatever the … volatility of asset fundamentals. If, however, appropriate incentive schemes are adopted to encourage entry of additional …

period 1550–1630. We add evidence from Japan and China from the early modern period until 1800 to obtain a human capital …

and their implementation, payment systems and private market structures) and its implications for intraday volatility …, quoting activity, trading volume and bid-ask spreads in the overnight deposit segment. Volatility and spreads increase right … volatility and no signs of market power or adverse selection. Spreads and volatility were high at the end of the reserve …

for three exchange rates (the DM, Yen, Pound are all against the Dollar) and for four stock markets (West Germany, Japan …