adaptation and mitigation expenditures in a cost-effective setting in which countries cooperate to achieve a long … different adaptation modes (reactive and anticipatory), mitigation, and capacity building to analyse the optimal portfolio of … investments in mitigation followed by large adaptation expenditures a few decades later. Hence, the possibility to adapt does not …

magnitude of carbon leakage effects, likely to be induced by differences in climate mitigation policies, may be less than feared … in some circles. Trade policy, however, will play a role in implementing climate mitigation policies in two areas … initial mitigation would first take place unilaterally or in small groups, as under the early days of the GATT, is the most …

complement carbon pricing (taxes or permit trading) and improve the economic efficiency of a mitigation policy package? To answer … combination with other mitigation policies. Even under fairly optimistic assumptions about the funding available for, and the …