gold standard during the 1930s. We do this by separating expectations of taxation and of devaluation that are implicitly … expectations of a capital levy or other taxation devices; third that hyperinflation was not expected, even at the moment of maximum …

deterministic model, the timing of the speculative attack is brought forward (delayed) if the borrowing takes place long before … (close to) the date at which without borrowing the collapse would have occurred. The magnitude of the attack (the final loss … of reserves) always increases because of borrowing. In a stochastic model, borrowing reduces the probability of an early …

from the experience of developed countries for the design of saving and borrowing incentives in middle-income countries. …

find that in Italy borrowing constraints are more severe than in the United States, and that they are more stringent for …

-cycle saving can be observed in nineteenth-century Britain. Although there is extensive evidence of widespread saving by British …

This paper reassesses the pattern of unemployment in interwar Britain from a microeconomic perspective. A 10 per cent …

This paper examines the viewpoint that the dependency of elderly people in modern Britain has been increased by state …