interaction, in contrast with a trait like altruism. Moreover, a tie is not related to strategic behavior such as reputation …

This Paper presents a formal theory of reciprocity. Reciprocity means that people reward kind actions and punish unkind …

candidate is expectations: what people expect could affect how they feel about what actually occurs. In a real-effort experiment …

rather than positive altruism. In a large class of two-stage games that includes principal-agent and gift-giving games, this … player has higher material payoffs, so that reciprocity does not increase equity: For sufficiently strong reciprocity …

This study reports data from a field experiment that was conducted to investigate the relevance of gift-exchange for … charitable giving. Roughly 10,000 solicitation letters were sent to potential donors in the experiment. One third of the letters … this Paper is twofold: first, it shows that reciprocity is an important motive for charitable giving, in addition to the …

We show that a measure of reciprocity derived from the Berg et al. (1995) trust game in a laboratory setting predicts …