their growth. Economic theory suggests uncertainty can cause firms to delay investments until uncertainty is resolved. We …Firms in many developing countries cite macroeconomic instability and political uncertainty as major constraints to … macroeconomic and political uncertainty. Demand for macroeconomic shock insurance was high; 36.7 percent of microentrepreneurs in …

between risk and uncertainty is implemented by applying the Gilboa-Schmeidler maxmin with multiple priors framework to lenders …, ultimate lenders and financial intermediaries. The model is used to investigate the impact of uncertainty about the likelihood … include: (i) An unanticipated increase in bailout uncertainty raises interest rates, the volume of defaults in both the real …

physicians have lower participation rates than male physicians plus they are subject to higher occupational mismatch, and (ii …) moonlighting is more frequent among male physicians. In this paper we investigate whether such differences are related to the … university graduates, Spanish physicians are the ones most often coupled to partners with the same educational level and/or same …

risk, then a monpolist would have more difficulty extracting surplus with a preventive than with a treatment because … treatment consumers, having contracted the disease, no longer differ in disease risk. We show that the ratio of preventive to …. Calibrations for HIV and heart attacks based on risk factors in the U.S. population suggest that the distribution of disease risk …

pharmaceuticals. We challenge this orthodox view and show, to the contrary, that the pace of innovation often is faster in a world …

pharmaceuticals, specifically drug reformulation regulatory gaming. …

creating an internal market for pharmaceuticals can be analysed. In a model of third-degree price discrimination, arbitrage … Market in pharmaceuticals are ambiguous, since a movement from segmented and price-controlled markets towards integrated …

the hypothesis that innovation in pharmaceuticals is becoming more difficult and expensive over time, as costs of …