This paper considers the distributional consequences of the reform programme in Russia. Although a small fraction of … the population have gained under the reforms, average real household per capita income has declined significantly with … rise in income inequality. Poverty has increased sharply with an estimated 18.5% of the population on incomes below the …

estimates of the impact of adjustment on poverty using household income and expenditure surveys currently available in LDCs. It … proposes the use of decomposable poverty indices as a tractable vehicle for calculating the impact of adjustment on overall … poverty. This framework does require, however, reasonably disaggregated data on income distribution. …

of changes in government cash benefits on poverty rates in Russia during 1994 to 1998. The methodological contribution is …The paper develops a new approach to measuring the impact of government cash transfers on poverty alleviation that … changes in the expenditure distribution excluding cash transfers on movements in poverty rates. At least 30% of the rise in …

continuities in household composition. In particular, households in the pre-industrial era were no more likely than present … resulted in a household composition which resembles that produced by early widowhood in the seventeenth century. Nor has the … to illustrate household types. The paper concludes by suggesting that a standard set of tables should be agreed upon and …