This Paper surveys the economic literature on the impact of trade unions on innovation. There are many theoretical … routes through which unions may have an effect on innovation, for example through their effects on relative factor prices …&D, innovation, technological diffusion and productivity growth. North American results find consistently strong and negative impacts …

of intermediation in innovation. …

This paper looks at the genesis of innovation in the United States from a territorial perspective. The analysis aims to … disentangle the impact of local R&D expenditure from other contextual conditions supportive of the process of innovation …. Particular emphasis is devoted to the role of socio-economic factors and systems of innovation conditions (‘social filter …

This paper analyses the geography of innovation in China and India. Using a tailor-made panel database for regions in … between the provinces and states within both countries are quite different. In China, the concentration of innovation is … contrast, innovation is much more dependent on a combination of good local socioeconomic structures and investment in science …

-enhancing role of innovation and innovation policy. The analysis combines innovation variables with indicators linked to the … formation of adequate social conditions for innovation (the social filter), and spillovers for 31 Mexican states and the Mexico … results stress that, although Mexican innovation policy has been relatively well targeted in order to generate greater …

, competition leads to faster innovation, because the investor has less of a need to delay expensive investments. The investor …