inflation while declaring monetary aggregates largely irrelevant. Critics, however, have argued that these models need to be … modified to account for observed money growth and inflation trends, and that monetary trends may serve as a useful cross … persistent errors in monetary policy and sustained trends in money growth and inflation. If interest rate prescriptions derived …

output or inflation as in the empirical 'two-pillar' Phillips curves estimated in some recent contributions, it would be …-checking does not require direct effects of money on output or inflation. …

. Whereas our methodology is general, we focus on an extended macro-model with unobservable processes for the inflation target … inflation target dominates the variation in the 'level factor' whereas monetary policy shocks dominate the variation in the …

criticized for failing to explain common trends in money growth and inflation, and that therefore money should be used as a cross …-check is shown to be effective in offsetting persistent deviations of inflation due to central bank misperceptions. …

disinflation under inflation targeting policies. The analysis is motivated by the disinflation performance of many inflation … episode price-setting firms' expect inflation to be highly persistent and opt for backward-looking indexation. As the central … bank acts to bring inflation under control, price-setting firms revise their estimates of the degree of persistence. Such …

response is central bank private information about the state of the economy or about its own target for inflation. …

entirely explained by U.S. shocks and by the systematic response of U.S. and European variables (inflation, short term rates …