This Paper surveys the economic literature on the impact of trade unions on innovation. There are many theoretical … routes through which unions may have an effect on innovation, for example through their effects on relative factor prices …&D, innovation, technological diffusion and productivity growth. North American results find consistently strong and negative impacts …

We show that when the researcher’s (observable but not contractible) contribution to innovation is crucial, a covenant …

occupations are also a fundamental, but overlooked, driver of innovation. Theory also suggests cities are important for both … the links between creative industries, occupations, cities and innovation at the firm level. This paper addresses this gap … driver of innovation. We find no support for the hypothesis that urban creative industries firms are particularly innovative …

concentration and innovation. This paper addresses this gap with an analysis of around 1,300 UK SMEs. The results suggest that firms …

entrepreneurs’ choice of riskiness (quality) of an innovation project, and on their mode of commercializing the innovation (market …

Patents are a useful but imperfect reward for innovation. In sectors like pharmaceuticals, where monopoly distortions … lower prices. Innovation prizes and other non-patent rewards are becoming more prevalent in government's innovation policy … therefore can generate the right innovation incentives. …

option of selling to an incumbent increases innovation incentives for entrepreneurs when network effects are strong and … necessarily restrict innovation incentives. We also show that network effects promote acquisitions over entry and that the … entrepreneur has strong incentives to invest in the initial user base of the innovation. …