A few recent contributions have claimed that in high-tech industries—where innovation is often cumulative and products … royalty stacking problem to exist: (a) innovation must be cumulative, so that the patents are complementary; (b) there must be …

This Paper surveys the economic literature on the impact of trade unions on innovation. There are many theoretical … routes through which unions may have an effect on innovation, for example through their effects on relative factor prices …&D, innovation, technological diffusion and productivity growth. North American results find consistently strong and negative impacts …

We show that when the researcher’s (observable but not contractible) contribution to innovation is crucial, a covenant …

firm's incentives for R&D. These changes influence the probability of innovation through two effects: changes in total R … shift from the rival firm to the dominant firm is a good thing as it decreases the likelihood of duplicate innovation (we … rights are strong. That is, firm dominance is good for innovation when (but only when) property rights are strong. We also …

innovation activities. The selection of high-skill managers is more important for innovation activities. As the economy … investments, but little selection. Closer to the world technology frontier, there is a switch to an innovation-based strategy with …

environment that allows ideas to cross firm boundaries enhances the rate of innovation and creates a symbiotic relationship …

innovation. We exploit the observed pattern of contributions - the 'revealed preference' of developers - to infer the underlying …