We evaluate the role that cities play on individual productivity in China. First, we show that location explains a … instrumenting city characteristics, the estimated elasticity of wage with respect to employment density is about three times larger … external markets does not. Therefore, large agglomeration economies prevail in China and they are more localised than in …

dynamics of employment and unemployment in order to identify key issues for the sources of the malfunctioning of these labour … passive labour market policies, and the structure of employment and output. …

-specific quotas following China’s entry into the World Trade Organization. Chinese import competition had two effects: first, it led … to increases in R&D, patenting, IT and TFP within firms; and second it reallocated employment between firms towards more … in employment, profits, prices and the skill share. By contrast, import competition from developed countries had no …

German dismissal protection legislation on the employment dynamics in small establishments. Specifically, using a difference …

product demand can affect employment under these conditions. The analysis suggests that the longer-term effectiveness of …

employment, using explanatory variables such as tax and social security benefit rates. Other variables represent the … estimates do not suggest that employment is significantly explained by the tax-benefit system. Nevertheless, we simulate the …