standards may nonetheless decline. This mechanism is captured in an oligopoly model, where the failure rate and the quality are …Professional standards vary across professions and also change over time. One profession which has remained … perfection has been achieved the individual will aim for higher quality since the effort is more likely to be worthwhile. Because …

Performance indicators are increasingly used to regulate quality in health care and other areas of the public sector …) higher ability increases quality directly and indirectly (through a lower marginal cost of quality); b) the provider can game … impact on quality, quality effort is lower and distortions from informational rents are higher; under some conditions more …

(which are naturally subject to more regulations and standards), so the discrimination may have an 'escalating' feature, much …

Because standards and regulations respond to a society's demand for specific public goods, we expect them to be shaped … standards should be equal in different societies. This paper studies the interaction between standards and international trade …. It shows that although standards can be used to manipulate trade flows, there is no logical connection between standards …

Traditional analyses of standards in international trade identify standards as government regulations and investigate … the determination of technical standards. The composition of these groups is affected by technology and market conditions … harmonization ‘from the bottom’. If standards are public goods whose ideal value differs across economic activities and across …

Empirical scholarship on the standards-trade relationship has been held up due to methodological challenges … multiple (quality-signaling, information/compliance-cost, and common-language) channels, and using instrumental variable …, multilateral resistance and panel data techniques to overcome endogeneity. We find evidence of common-language and quality …

, people who derive benefits from his performance (parent, spouse, friend, teacher, manager, etc.) have incentives to … or a reality. We next consider situations where people criticize or downplay the performance of their spouse, child …

Many high technology goods are based on standards that require access to several patents that are owned by different IP …