systems and the implications for efficiency. …

systems and the implications for efficiency. …

"There is a growing literature that investigates the effect of trade liberalization on productivity. Nearly all such … studies assume that trade policy is determined independently of productivity, hence it is exogenous. The author shows that … the positive effect of liberalization on productivity when they do not account for the endogeneity bias. On the theory …

"The empirical evidence on whether participation in export markets increases plant-level productivity has been … productivity increases 4-5 percent for each additional year a plant has exported, after controlling for the effect of current … exports on total factor productivity. Learning-by-exporting is more important for young than for old plants and in industries …

informality. The focus of this report is on exploring options to enhance worker welfare and firm productivity through access to …

, formality and wages, as well as productivity. Through the analysis of these variables the report tries to enhance the … Colombia: slow growth reflecting poor productivity performance, high and persistent unemployment and labor market rigidities … that help in keeping unemployment high and productivity low. The 2002 labor reform shows positive results in some areas …

, formality and wages, as well as productivity. Through the analysis of these variables the report tries to enhance the … Colombia: slow growth reflecting poor productivity performance, high and persistent unemployment and labor market rigidities … that help in keeping unemployment high and productivity low. The 2002 labor reform shows positive results in some areas …