The overall objective of this study is to undertake an economic and environmental analysis of the impact of increasing the limits of the bio-content of petrol and diesel imposed by the FQD, and beyond 2020. In particular, for specific biofuel blends identified in the study, the assessment...

This report presents the findings of an evaluation study contracted by the European Commission concerning Directive 98/70/EC relating to the quality of petrol and diesel fuels (the Fuel Quality Directive (FQD)). Work on this contract was undertaken by Amec Foster Wheeler with CE Delft and TNO....

The study analyses wind as a renewable energy source for maritime transport and has the following objectives: the identification of barriers to the development and uptake of wind propulsion and possible actions to overcome these barriers, the estimation of the technologies' market and emissions...

In the discussion on the potential risk of carbon leakage related to the EU ETS and the effect of safeguard measures, the scope for passing through carbon costs in final product prices is deemed a key issue. This study investigates whether and to what extent ETS-related carbon costs have indeed...

This paper presents the results of the closed and open questions of the online public consultation conducted in the context of establishment of the Innovation Fund. The public consultation was held on the European Commission survey platform, "EU Survey", from 15-01-2018 until 10-04-2018. This...

In 2013, the European Commission (EC) set out its strategy to integrate maritime transport emissions in the EU greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction policies (COM(2013) 479), which is a three-step strategy: 1. The implementation of a system that requires large ships using EU ports to monitor, report...

The Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC) of the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has adopted the Initial IMO Strategy on reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ships which envisages to 'reduc[e] GHG emissions from international shipping and (...) phase them out as...