The current report represents the final deliverable of the 2018 edition of the "Composition and Drivers of Energy Prices and Costs: Case Studies in Selected Energy Intensive Industries" (hereinafter "the Assignment"). The Assignment aimed to achieve two main objectives: 1. Providing...

Based on data collected from 194 plants over a 10-year period (2008-2017), the study shows energy prices and costs borne by EU producers operating in 11 energy intensive subsectors: bricks and roof tiles, wall and floor tiles, glass tableware, packaging glass, aluminium primary, aluminium...

The EU has always strenuously promoted economic integration with the rest of the world. In a peaceful world governed by a rules-based system, this strategy made Europe not only one of the most important global trading powers but also one of the most prosperous regions. The Covid-19 pandemic and...

For the next Multiannual Financial Framework for 2014-2020 the European Commission proposes to introduce loan and grant blending facilities into the Development Co-operation Instrument (DCI). These facilities have succeeded in leveraging considerable development finance from development banks...

A Cumulative Cost Assessment (CCA) aims to identify, assess and, where possible, quantify the cumulative cost generated by selected areas of EU legislation on a given industrial sector. It is retrospective and strictly centred on EU rules. The CCA is all about regulatory costs. Hence, it does...

A Cumulative Cost Assessment (CCA) aims to identify, assess and, where possible, quantify the cumulative cost generated by selected areas of EU legislation on a given industrial sector. It is retrospective and strictly centred on EU rules. The CCA is all about regulatory costs. Hence, it does...