The EU has always strenuously promoted economic integration with the rest of the world. In a peaceful world governed by a rules-based system, this strategy made Europe not only one of the most important global trading powers but also one of the most prosperous regions. The Covid-19 pandemic and...

The current report represents the final deliverable of the 2018 edition of the "Composition and Drivers of Energy Prices and Costs: Case Studies in Selected Energy Intensive Industries" (hereinafter "the Assignment"). The Assignment aimed to achieve two main objectives: 1. Providing...

Based on data collected from 194 plants over a 10-year period (2008-2017), the study shows energy prices and costs borne by EU producers operating in 11 energy intensive subsectors: bricks and roof tiles, wall and floor tiles, glass tableware, packaging glass, aluminium primary, aluminium...