A Cumulative Cost Assessment (CCA) aims to identify, assess and, where possible, quantify the cumulative cost generated by selected areas of EU legislation on a given industrial sector. It is retrospective and strictly centred on EU rules. The CCA is all about regulatory costs. Hence, it does...

A Cumulative Cost Assessment (CCA) aims to identify, assess and, where possible, quantify the cumulative cost generated by selected areas of EU legislation on a given industrial sector. It is retrospective and strictly centred on EU rules. The CCA is all about regulatory costs. Hence, it does...

Regulation has for a long time been considered mainly as an obstacle to innovation, especially with respect to rules that create so-called "red tape", or administrative burdens. But academics have demonstrated that regulation can greatly facilitate innovation, by creating markets for existing...

The current report represents the final deliverable of the 2018 edition of the "Composition and Drivers of Energy Prices and Costs: Case Studies in Selected Energy Intensive Industries" (hereinafter "the Assignment"). The Assignment aimed to achieve two main objectives: 1. Providing...

This study, carried out for the European Commission (DG JUST), examines the link between national civil liability rules and consumers' attitudes towards AI-enabled products and services (AI applications). The study examines, based on behavioural analysis, the following two dimensions: - As...

This Study, completed for the European Commission, DG CONNECT, supports the Impact Assessment of the European Commission's proposed Regulation on a European approach to Artificial Intelligence (AI). The study is divided into four main sections. Section 1 of the Study is dedicated to a...

The Commission has recognised the importance of a more innovation-oriented EU acquis, gradually exploring the ways in which EU rules can support innovation. The innovation principle was introduced to ensure that whenever policy is developed, the impact on innovation is fully assessed. As further...