Using data from the Health Survey for England and the English Longitudinal Study on Ageing, we estimate the causal … effect of schooling on health. Identification comes from two nation wide increases in British compulsory school leaving age … exogenous variation in schooling by using biomarkers as measures of health outcomes in addition to self-reported measures. We …

differences between standard poverty and inequality measures based on observed income and measures that are calculated based on …This paper examines the measurement of social welfare, poverty and inequality taking into account reference … new notion of equivalent income, the income level with which the individual would be as well off, evaluated using a …