standard-setting with two means of interventionist harmonization: through centralization and through allocation of lawmaking …We study the desirability of interventionist harmonization of legal standards across multiple, mutually interdependent … delineating the scope for, and the appropriate means of, interventionist harmonization. We find that greater jurisdictional …

federalism in which centralization is less likely to occur where budget referendums are possible. The reason for this result is … that budget referendums reduce the extent to which pro-centralization regions can commit to a low level of spending … delegating the centralization choice to elected poli-cymakers. In addition, it reduces the ability of higher level policy …

This paper analyzes the relationship between the size of an economic union and the degree of policy centralization. We … consider a political economy setting in which elected representatives bargain about the degree of centralization within the … outcome. We show that the relationship between the size of the union and centralization may be non-monotonic: Up to a certain …

This paper shows that under imperfect competition the welfare effects of indirect tax harmonization may depend …, while harmonization always makes at least one country better off, and may be Pareto-improving, when taxes are levied under … the destination principle (which currently applies in the European Union), harmonization of origin-based taxes (as …

global regime of patent protection and asking whether harmonization of patent policies is necessary or sufficient for global …

decentralization to centralization can affect both the number and the type of lobbies. Under decentralization, if lobbies form they … will always have an effect on policy decision. Under centralization, if lobbies form, lobby competition may completely …

-agent framework, it analyzes two alternative policy-decision schemes—‘decentralization’ and ‘centralization’—when ‘knowledge’ consists …