While the financial protection measures enacted by the ECB and the community of Eurozone members have calmed financial … markets, they have left the competitiveness problem of the Eurozone’s southern countries and France unresolved. The paper …

Poland is obligated to adopt the euro after the fulfilment, inter alia, of the exchange rate criterion which requires … entering the Exchange Rate Mechanism II (ERM II). The European Central Bank recommends that the ERM II central rate should … estimate real Polish zloty/euro equilibrium rate. Although the main goal of our analysis is to compute measures of current and …

, the UK, Japan, Canada, the euro area, and Sweden over the period 1988:01-2011:12. The results indicate that the effect of … exchange rate uncertainty on equity flows is negative in the euro area, the UK and Sweden, and positive in Australia, whilst it …

Low international competitiveness of a set of euro area countries, which have become evident by large current account … analyse the role of private restructuring and public structural reforms for the urgently needed readjustment of intra-euro … intra-euro area competitiveness. This implies that private restructuring and public reforms are rather than public transfers …

imports of goods. Using data from 2000 to 2009 for 11 euro area countries we utilize a pricing-to-market specification to …

the euro-dollar exchange rate, within a three-country, three-currency portfolio model. Our static model shows that the … euro-dollar rate, whatever the exchange-rate regime of China. Moving to a dynamic, stock-flow framework, we show that the …