In order to make a consistent selection of top OSM providers per country, we used three sources of data: Alexa country ranks, Similarweb country ranks within the "Social Media" category, and APPlyzer ranking data collected from the Apple and Google app stores. A fourth source, Apptopia, was used...

The following section describes the results of the stakeholder survey with six types of relevant stakeholders: B2B clients (14), local intermediaries (13), global intermediaries (11), consumer organisations (3), advertisers' organisations (8), and academics (4). OSM providers were also contacted...

This executive summary presents the key objectives, methodology and findings of the behavioural study on advertising and marketing practices in online social media, which was carried out by a consortium led by GfK on behalf of the Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency (CHAFEA).

An in-depth, systematic review of the content on the most relevant OSM providers identified was conducted to build a typology of commercial practices in OSM, and to identify practices that could be misleading or unfair from a consumer perspective. The research was conducted from three...

To arrive at a selection of top OSM platforms in Europe, the proportion of total traffic (number of visits) coming from each of the EU28 Member States, plus Norway and Iceland, was calculated for all unique websites that are present in the 30 country fiches, thus ensuring the inclusion of all...